Seatbelts: who must wear them and what exceptions apply?

Article 172 of the Highway Code requires the use of seatbelts and restraint systems for the occupants of the vehicles concerned, with specific documented exceptions.

A requirement for all vehicle occupants

In a vehicle fitted with seatbelts, the driver and passengers must wear them whilst the vehicle is in motion, following the system’s and the manufacturer’s instructions. This requirement also applies to rear seats. The seatbelt must be fastened correctly: do not pass the diagonal strap under your arm and do not add any accessories that could impair its function. Before setting off, check that every occupant is properly secured and that the seatbelt is not twisted or damaged.

The exemptions set out in Article 172 are limited to specific categories and conditions, such as certain documented medical conditions or particular services. A personal preference or an unreported condition is not sufficient. If you believe you qualify for an exemption, check what documentation is required and how it must be carried on board. For an interpretation of an individual case, consult the relevant authority or a qualified doctor.

• Fasten your seatbelt in all seats fitted with the system.
• Check that it fits snugly and is not damaged.
• Verify any presumed exemption in advance with official documents.

Liability and safety

The law sets out liabilities and penalties based on the occupant’s role, age and circumstances. Specific restraint systems apply to children: an adult seatbelt alone may not be adequate. If a passenger refuses to fasten their seatbelt, the driver should pull over safely and not continue until the issue has been resolved.

A seatbelt reduces the risk of impact with the vehicle’s interior and of being thrown from the vehicle in the event of an accident, but it only works properly if used with the seat and headrest correctly adjusted. Follow the instructions provided by the vehicle and seatbelt manufacturers, particularly if you are pregnant or have specific medical needs; seek medical advice for personalised adjustments.

A simple check before setting off

After a collision or sudden stop, a seatbelt may appear undamaged but may have been subjected to stresses that compromise its function. Follow the manual for inspecting and replacing the seatbelt, pretensioner and airbag. Do not use a buckle or fastener that prevents the system from locking. Seatbelts remain important during pregnancy: ask your doctor how to position the belt correctly, without removing it or adjusting it in an unsafe manner.

Quiz Patente Ufficiale allows you to revise the safety rules with chapters, timed quizzes and error reviews.